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Joan Pujol Garcia MBE (Catalan; (スペイン語:Juan Pujol García)) (14 February 1912 – 10 October 1988) deliberately became a double agent during World War II, known by the British codename and the German codename . Pujol had the possibly unique distinction of receiving decorations from both sides during World War II, gaining both an Iron Cross from the Germans and a Member of the Order of the British Empire from the British. After developing a loathing of both the Communist and Fascist regimes in Europe during the Spanish Civil War, Pujol decided to become a spy for the Allies as a way to do something "for the good of humanity".〔 Pujol and his wife〔Seaman (2004). p. 56 "Pujol's wife called upon the US Embassy without informing her husband"〕 contacted the British and American intelligence agencies, but each rejected his offer. Undeterred, he created a false identity as a fanatically pro-Nazi Spanish government official and successfully became a German agent. He was instructed to travel to Britain and recruit additional agents; instead he moved to Lisbon and created bogus reports from a variety of public sources, including a tourist guide to England, train timetables, cinema newsreels, and magazine advertisements.〔Seaman (2004). p. 56 "This imaginary espionage material he constructed with the aid of the following reference documents...".〕 Although the information would not have withstood close examination, Pujol soon established himself as a trustworthy agent. He began inventing fictional sub-agents who could be blamed for false information and mistakes. The Allies finally accepted Pujol when the Germans spent considerable resources attempting to hunt down a fictional convoy.〔 The family was moved to Britain and Pujol was given the code name . Pujol and his handler Tomás (Tommy) Harris spent the rest of the war expanding the fictional network, communicating at first by letter, later by radio. Eventually the Germans were funding a network of twenty-seven fictional agents. Pujol had a key role in the success of Operation Fortitude, the deception operation intended to mislead the Germans about the timing and location of the invasion of Normandy near the end of the war. The false information Pujol supplied helped persuade German intelligence that the main attack would be in the Pas de Calais, keeping two armoured divisions and 19 infantry divisions there for two months after the Normandy invasion.〔 ==Early life== Pujol was born in the Catalan city of Barcelona, Spain, on 14 February 1914〔Pujol (1985). p. 9〕 (or possibly 28 February 1912)〔 to Juan Pujol, a Catalan who owned a factory that produced dye, and Mercedes Guijarro Garcia, from the Andalusian town of Motril in the Province of Granada.〔〔Pujol (1985). p. 10〕 The third of four children, Pujol was sent at age seven to the Valldemia boarding school〔Pujol (1985). pp. 12–16〕 run by the Marist Brothers in Mataró, twenty miles from Barcelona; he remained there for the next four years. The students were only allowed out of the school on Sundays if they had a visitor, so his father made the trip every week. His mother came from a very strict Catholic family who took communion every day,〔Pujol (1985). p. 10 "Her parents were strict Catholics who received Holy Communion every day".〕 but his father was much more secular and had liberal political beliefs.〔Seaman (2004). p. (42 ).〕 At age thirteen, he transferred to a school in Barcelona run by his father's card-playing friend〔 Father Mossen Josep, where he remained for three years.〔Pujol (1985). p. 17〕 After an argument with a teacher, he decided that he no longer wished to remain at the school, and became an apprentice at a hardware store. Pujol engaged in a variety of occupations prior to and after the Spanish Civil War, such as studying animal husbandry at the Royal Poultry School in Arenys de Mar and managing various businesses, including a cinema.〔〔〔Seaman (2004). p. (30 ).〕〔Seaman (2004). p. (8 ).〕〔 His father died a few months after the Second Republic's birth in 1931, while Pujol was completing his education as a poultry farmer.〔Pujol (1985). p. 18〕 Pujol's father left his family well-provided for, until his father's factory was taken over by the workers, around the Spanish Civil War's start.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joan Pujol Garcia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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